| 1304-21 |
Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy |
| 1304-74 |
Petrarch
(Francesco Petrarca) |
| 1314-75 |
Giovanni
Boccaccio |
|
1331-1406 |
Coluccio Salutati |
| 1340-1400 |
Chaucer |
| 1347-51 |
Black Death
devastates Europe |
| 1348-53 |
Boccaccio,
Decameron |
| 1350-1414 |
Manuel
Chyrsoloras |
|
c.1369-1444 |
Leonardo Bruni |
|
1375 |
Salutati
appointed Latin Secretary of Florence |
|
1378 |
Great Schism
begins |
|
1380-1459 |
Bracciolini
Poggio |
|
1380-1400 |
Salutati,
On the Secular and the Religious, On Fate and Fortune, On the Labors of
Hercules |
| 1396 |
Chrysoloras
introduces Greek in Florence |
|
1396-1459 |
Giannozzo Manetti |
|
c.1400-68 |
Johannes Gutenberg |
|
1401-64 |
Nicholas of Cusa |
| 1402 |
Jan Hus becomes rector of the University of Prague |
|
c.1403-72 |
Cardinal Bessarion |
|
1404-72 |
Leon Battista Alberti |
|
1405 |
Bruni, first translations of Plato |
|
1407-57 |
Lorenzo Valla |
|
1409 |
Council of Pisa |
|
1414-18 |
Council of
Constance |
| 1415 |
Resumption of the 100-year war between England and France. French are
defeated at the battle of Azincourt. Jan Hus is burned at the council of
Constance |
|
c.1415-87 |
Johannes
Argyropulos |
|
1416 |
Donatello, St.
George |
| 1417-35 |
Leonardi Bruni
translates Aristotle's Politics |
| 1418 |
First dated wood cutting in Europe (The Madonna of Brussels). End of the
great papal schism |
| 1419-36 |
Hussite wars |
|
1424-98 |
Cristoforo
Landino |
| 1427-52 |
The Azores become Portuguese property |
|
1431 |
Joan of Arc
burned at the stake for heresy by the Inquisition |
|
1431-65 |
François Villon (French author of ballads) |
|
1432 |
The altar of Gent by Hubert and Jan van Eycks |
|
1433-99 |
Marsilio Ficino |
|
1434 |
Cosimo de Medici becomes the ruler of the city of Florence. Nicholas of
Cusa, De concordantia catholica. Filippo Brunelleschi, Completion of
the cupola of the cathedral of Florence |
| 1436 |
The 100-year war between England and France ends. First Portuguese
settlements on the West African coast |
|
1439 |
Lorenzo Valla,
Dialogue on Free
Will |
| 1440 |
Friedrich III becomes King of Germany. Nicholas of Cusa,
On Learned
Ignorance |
| 1441 |
Beginning of the Portuguese slave trade |
| 1444 |
Cosimo de Medici establishes the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence |
|
1444-46 |
Prokop Waldvogel teaches the art of artistic writing in Avignon |
| 1444-48 |
Council of Basel |
|
1444-1510 |
Sandro Botticelli |
|
1445 |
Death of the poet Oswald of Wolkenstein |
| 1446 |
Oldest dated copperplate engraving (Passion of Berlin) |
|
1446-50 |
Johannes
Gutenberg invents printing with movable type |
| 1447 |
Accession of Pope
Nikolaus V |
| 1447-55 |
Pope Nikolaus V., donor of the Biblioteca Vaticana |
|
1448-50 |
Lorenzo Valla,
Notes on the New Testament |
| 1450/1 |
Diplomatic visit of Nicholas of Cusa to Germany |
|
c.1450-1518 |
Hieronymus Bosch |
|
1451-1512 |
Amerigo Vespucci |
| 1452 |
Giannozzo
Manetti,
On the Dignity and Excellence of Man.
Leon Battista Alberti, On Architecture.
Imperial coronation of Friedrich III |
|
1452-54/55 |
Gutenberg prints his 42-line Bible in Mainz with a circulation of
approximately 180 copies |
| 1452-1519 |
Leonardo da Vinci |
| 1453 |
Constantinople
falls to Ottomans. Flight of numerous Greek scholars to
Italy.
Nicholas of Cusa, The Vision of
God |
| 1454 |
Gutenberg prints letters of indulgence in Mainz, the proceeds of which were
meant to finance a crusade against the Turks |
|
1454-93 |
Ermolao Barbaro |
| 1455 |
Start of the War of the Roses between the houses of York and Lancaster in
England. Bracciolini Poggio, On the Misery of the Human Condition. |
| 1459 |
Establishment of the Platonic Academy in Florence under Cosimo de Medici.
Establishment of the University of Basel |
| c.1460 |
Johannes Müller Regiomontanus develops the decimal fraction calculation |
|
c.1460-1523 |
Leone Ebreo |
| 1462 |
Mainz loses its status as a free city and becomes an archiepiscopal town |
|
1462-8 |
Marsilio Ficino
translating Plato |
| 1462-1521 |
Piero di Cosimo |
|
1462-1525 |
Pietro Pompanazzi |
|
1463-94 |
Giovanni Pico
della Mirandola |
|
1465-1510 |
Paul Cortese |
| 1466 |
First German bible is printed in Strasbourg by Johannes Mentelin |
| 1467 |
Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheym establish in Subiaco the first printing
shop in Italy |
|
1468-1534 |
Thomas de Vio
Cajetan |
| 1469 |
Cardinal Bessarion, Against Plato's Opponent |
|
1469-1527 |
Niccoló
Machiavelli |
|
1469-1536 |
Desiderius
Erasmus |
|
1470 |
Leon Battista Alberti builds façade of S.
Maria Novella, Florence |
|
c.1470-1511 |
Tiberio
Baccillieri |
| 1471 |
Portuguese cross the equator for the first time |
|
1471-1528 |
Albrecht Dürer |
|
1473 |
Lorenzo de
Medici, Altercazione.
Start of the construction of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
The Augsburg banking house of Fugger establishes business relations with the
Habsburg family. |
| 1473-1543 |
Nicholaus
Copernicus |
| 1474 |
Sandro
Botticelli, The Spring |
|
1475 |
Cristoforo
Landino, On True Nobility |
|
1475-1564 |
Michelangelo |
|
1477 |
Marsilio Ficino,
Five Keys of Platonic Wisdom, On the Christian Religion.
Caxton prints Chaucer’s Canterbury
Tales.
Establishment of the University of Mainz by archbishop
Diether of Isenburg. Death of Karl the Brave of Burgundy causes long-lasting
struggle surrounding the Burgundy inheritance between France and the house
of Habsburg |
| 1478 |
Sandro
Botticelli, Primavera |
|
1478-1529 |
Baldassare
Castiglione |
|
1478-1535 |
Sir Thomas More |
|
1480-1546 |
Francesco de
Vitoria |
|
c.1480-1521 |
Ferdinand
Magellan |
| 1481 |
Introduction of the inquisition in Spain by Thomas de Torquemada |
|
1481-83 |
Leonardo da
Vinci, Adoration of the Magi, Virgin of the Rocks |
|
1483-1520 |
Raphael |
|
1483-1536 |
Martin Luther |
|
c.1485-1576 |
Titian |
|
1486 |
Pico della
Mirandola, On the Dignity of Man. Rosselli, Miracle of the
Sacrament. |
| 1487 |
Marsilio Ficino,
Platonic Theology, Concerning the Immortality of the Soul. |
| 1489 |
Pico della
Mirandola, Heptaplus. Marsilio Ficino, On the Threefold Life. |
| 1491 |
Pico della
Mirandola, On Being and the One. Disputation between Pico and
Cardinal Cajetan. |
|
1491-1556 |
Ignatius of
Loyola |
|
1492 |
Columbus crosses
the Atlantic. Marsilio Ficino, Latin translation of Plotinus.
Leonardo da Vinci draws a flight machine.
Granada falls to Spanish. Jews are driven out of
Spain. First globe constructed by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg. |
|
1492-1553 |
Ludovicus Vives |
|
1493-1541 |
Paracelsus |
| 1494 |
Pico della
Mirandola, Disputations on Predictive Astrology.
Fall of the Medici in Florence. Sebastian Brant, Ship of Fools. First
occurrence of Syphilis in Europe. |
| 1494-5 |
Charles VIII of
France invades Italy |
|
1494-1553 |
François Rabelais |
| 1495 |
Imperial parliament of Worms |
|
1495-7 |
Leonardo da
Vinci, Last Supper |
|
1497/98 |
Giovanni Caboto reaches North America under British orders |
| 1497-1560 |
Philipp
Melanchthon |
| 1498 |
Execution of
Savonarola. Vasco da Gamma sails around the Cape of Good
Hope and reaches India by sea. Wood carvings cycle Apocalypse by Albrecht
Dürer. Machiavelli appointed Secretary of Florence (until 1512). |
| 1499 |
Erasmus' first
visit to England; meets More and Colet. Swiss
confederates separate from the German Empire. |
| 1500 |
Birth of Karl the Fifth. The Portuguese sailor Pedro Caba reaches Brazil. Aldus founds Venice Academy for the study of Greek; invents italic
type. |
|
1501-4 |
Michelangelo,
David |
| 1501-76 |
Girolamo Cardano |
|
1503 |
Leonardo da
Vinci, Mona Lisa.
Erasmus, first publication of the Enchiridion. |
| 1504 |
Sannazaro,
Arcadia |
| 1505 |
Bembo, Gli
asolani |
| 1505-7 |
Albrecht Dürer in
Italy |
| 1506 |
Bramante begins
to rebuild St. Peter's |
|
1508-12 |
Michelangelo,
frescoes for the Sistine Chapel |
|
1509 |
Desiderius
Erasmus writes In Praise of Folly at home of Thomas More |
|
1509-11 |
Raphael, frescoes
for the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican |
|
1509-1564 |
John Calvin |
| 1509-88 |
Bernardino Telesio |
|
1510 |
Bovillus,
Liber de sapiente |
| c.1510-72 |
John Knox |
|
1511 |
Desiderius
Erasmus,
In Praise of Folly |
| 1511-74 |
Giorgio
Vasari |
|
1513 |
Niccoló
Machiavelli, The Prince |
|
1515-72 |
Peter Ramus |
|
1516 |
Thomas More,
Utopia.
Pietro Pompanazzi, On the
Immortality of the Soul.
Ariosto, Orlando furioso. Raphael, Sistine
Madonna.
Desiderius Erasmus, Education of a Christian Prince
(for Charles V). |
|
1517 |
Martin Luther,
95 Theses |
|
1518 |
Titian, The
Assumption of the Virgin |
|
1519-21 |
Ferdinand
Magellan circumnavigates the world |
|
1520 |
Pietro
Pomponazzi, On Fate, Free Will and
Predestination. Niccoló
Machiavelli, Art of War
|
| 1524 |
Desiderius
Erasmus, On the Freedom of the Will |
| 1525 |
Equicola, On
the Nature of Love |
|
1528 |
Baldassare
Castiglione, The Courtier |
|
1529-97 |
Francesco Patrizi |
|
1530 |
Correggio,
Adoration of the Shepherds. Bembo, Rime. |
|
1532 |
François
Rabelais, Pantagruel |
|
1533-92 |
Michel de
Montaigne |
|
1534 |
Ignatius of
Loyola founds Jesuit order. Henry VIII
founds Anglican church |
|
1534-41 |
Michelangelo,
Last Judgment |
|
1535 |
Thomas More
executed for denying Henry VIII's headship of English church. Leone Ebreo,
Dialogues on Love |
|
1535-1600 |
Luis de Molina |
|
1536 |
John Calvin,
Institutes of the Christian Religion |
|
1541-1603 |
Pierre Charron |
|
1543 |
Nicholaus
Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the
Spheres |
|
1545 |
Girolamo Cardano,
Ars magna |
|
1545-63 |
Council of Trent
|
|
1546 |
François
Rabelais, Tiers livre |
|
1547 |
Michelangelo
appointed chief architect of St. Peter's |
|
1547-1616 |
Miguel de
Cervantes |
|
1548-1607 |
Francisco Suarez |
| 1548-1600 |
Giordano Bruno |
| 1550 |
Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Painters |
| 1550/1-1623 |
Francisco
Sanches |
| 1555 |
Peter Ramus, Dialectiqué
(first
philosophical treatise in French) |
|
1557 |
Girolamo
Cardano, On the Variety of Things |
|
1558 |
Queen Elizabeth I crowned |
|
1560 |
John Knox founds Presbyterian church |
|
1561-1626 |
Francis Bacon |
|
1562 |
Scève,
Microcosme |
|
1564-1642 |
Galileo Galilei |
|
1564-1616 |
William Shakespeare |
|
1568-1639 |
Tommaso
Campanella |
|
1570 |
Palladio, Treatise on Architecture |
|
1571-1630 |
Johnannes Kepler |
|
1572 |
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
|
1575-1624 |
Jakob Böhme |
|
1577-1640 |
Peter Paul Rubens |
|
1580 |
Michel de Montaigne, Essays (Books 1-2) |
|
1585 |
Giordano Bruno, Degli heroici furori |
| 1588 |
Michel de Montaigne, Essays (Book 3) |
|
1588-1679 |
Thomas Hobbes |
|
1590 |
Janssen invents first microscope |
|
1592-1655 |
Pierre Gassendi |
|
1596-1650 |
René Descartes |
|
1598 |
Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV |
|
1600 |
Giordano Bruno accused of heresy and burned at the stake by the Inquisition |
|
c.1600 |
Shakespeare writes Hamlet |
