LECTURE NOTES HISTORY 1210

* Europe on the Eve of American Discovery: perception by Europeans of discovery expansion geography, demography, economics

Middle Ages, Med evil Age, feudalism, manors, lords, nobility, surfs
Mediterranean rim, merchants, artisans, capitalism, Italian city-states, Venice, Florence,
Genoa, Rome, Milan, religious crusades 1099-1210
Contraction geography, demography, economics
One-Hundred Years War, 1330s-145s, England, France
Famine, Farming or agricultural technology, climatic changes
Black plague or death 1347-1600s
Feudal dues, taxes, peasant rebellions, Expansion geography, demography, economics Nationalism, monarchy, monarchies, consolidation, modern nation-states, centralization, bureaucracies, nationalist armies Advances sailing and weapon technology, navigation, triangular sails, rudders, maneuverability, compass, astronomy, Gutenberg printing press 1450, Marco Polo Travels 1477, John Manville, Fascination unknown Leif Erickson, Vikings about 1000, Norsemen Portugal mid 1400s, precious metals, bullion, Africa, Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Vasco Digamma 1498 Spain, marriage King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castillo 1469, Mores 1492, Christopher Columbus 1492, Seville, Madrid, imperialistic spirit, Christianity, exploitation

* America on the Eve of European Invasion:

Perception native Americans of invasion
Bearing Straight, Asia, North America, Ice Age, Central America, South America, 3000 dialects
Ethno history, cultures in contact, anthropology, archeology, economics, oral histories
Misperceptions squaw, unfeminine, masculine, heathens, barbarians
South Rio Grande River, Aztecs, Incas, agricultural revolution, technology, diversity, bureaucracies, irrigation, sophistication, specialization labor
North Rio Grande River, scattered, reciprocal relationship, Pueblos, Iroquois, Iroquois Confederation 1570, Algonquin

* Contact of Cultures:

"Columbian Exchange" 1972 Alfred Crosby
Hispaniola, chickenpox, smallpox, influenza, venereal diseases, gonorrhea, syphilis
Spanish conquistadors, Hernan Cortes 1519-21 Aztecs, Prancisco Pizarro 1533 Incas, Subjugation
Papal Bull/decree, Los Cossets, "black legend", Jesuits, Victoria

* English Colonization:

John Cabot 1497, John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, Spanish Amada 1588
Charter, joint stock company, proprietorship, corporate, royal

* Chesapeake Colonies:

Virginia, Jamestown, London Company, Virginia Company, John Smith
Malaria carrying Mosquitoes, starving time 1609-10, martial law
Tobacco, John Rolfe, Pocahontas, Powhatan Indians, labor-intense, scattered plantations, fallow, headright system 1617, indentured servants, House of Burgesses 1619
Women elevated status, isolation, valued services, inheritances, final wills and testaments, executors, scarcity, commodities, patriarchal order
Slavery, African slave trade, John Punch 1619, transformation Chesapeake, cultural interpretation, racially incompatible with Africans, racially compatible with native Americans
rehabilitation, acculturation and assimilation, sugar islands Caribbean, economic interpretation, social interpretation, gentry, social hierarchy or stratification
slave codes, emancipation, manumission, amalgamation, Edmond Morgan, unconscious or conscious, Bacon's Rebellion 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, York River, Royal Governor
William Berkeley

* The Puritan Colonies of New England:

Martin Luther 1517, Protestant Reformation, Catholicism
Seven sacraments, baptism, communion, good works, faith, vernacular
John Calvin, Calvinism, predestination, preparation for salvation
Max Weber, anxiety, capitalism
Henry VIII, Church of England, Anglican Church, Parliament, Edward VI, "Bloody Mary," Elizabeth I, religious toleration
Puritans, Puritanism, House of Commons, James I, Charles I, William Lawd, congregationalism
Pilgrims 1620, separatists, Plymouth Company, Netherlands, Mayflower Compact, William Bradford, Squanto
Puritans 1630, Massachusetts Bay Company, John Winthrop, non-separatists, Arbella, Covenant theology, "A Model of Christian Charity," General Court
Dedham, closed corporate Christian community, Kenneth Lockridge, declension model
Gloucester, Springfield, individualism, secular, enterprising spirit
Comfortable competency, subsistence, surpluses
Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne, adultery
Visible saint, conversion experience, religious descent, hypocrisy, intertwined
Anne Hutchinson, Cambridge, religious orthodoxy, submissive, masculine behavior
Portsmouth 1638
Roger Williams, Rhode Island 1636, Salem, banished, toleration, separation church and state
John Cotton, collective salvation
Thomas Hooker, James Davenport, Connecticut 1636
Synod of 1662, halfway covenant, Samuel Stoddard
Pequot War 1637, King Philip's War 1676-6, Metacon, Wampanoags, Iroquois "mourning wars" John Eliot

* Transformation of the Colonies:

English Civil War, restoration, Charles II
Mercantilism, mercantilist, Navigation Acts, Innumerated Articles
Lords of Trade 1674, James II, Dominion of New England, 1686, Sir Edmund Andros, decree
Glorious Revolution or Bloodless Revolution 1688-9, William and Mary
Transformation, secular, cosmopolitan, commercialism, Puritan to Yankee
Salem witch-hunt 1692, spectral evidence, Governor Phipps, Cotton Mather, Reverend Samuel Paris, Elizabeth Paris, Ann Putnam
Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards, Northampton, new lights, old lights, George Whitefield
scientific revolution, Copernicus, Galileo, Sir Isaac Newton, Observation, experimentation, mathematics, laws
enlightenment, intellectual, reason, rational, superstition, universal and natural laws
John Locke, Second Treatise On Government, natural rights, life, liberty, and property, inalienable rights, contact theory, right revolution
Dissemination information, John Peter Zenger 1733, liable, freedom press
Chesapeake, tidewater, piedmont, extension slavery, Creole, mulatto, yeoman, diversification, crops
Board of Trade 1696, privy council, vice-admiralty courts, writs of assistance, Woolen Act 1699, Molasses Act 1733, Iron Act 1750, Currency Act 1751, specie, medium of exchange
"second hundred years war," wars for empire, King William's War, Queen Anne's War
King George's War, French and Indian War 1754-63, Seven Years War, North American theater, Pontiac, Proclamation of 1763, usurp

* Origins American Revolution:

George Grenville, Sugar Act 1764, Stamp Act 1765, external and internal taxes, "no taxation without representation, "Stamp Act Congress, Sons of Liberty, Thomas Hutchinson, Boycott, Defiance
Ideological origins, ideology, gentlemanly, commonwealth or opposition writers, John Trenchard, Thomas Gordon, Cato's Letter, 1722, libertarian tracts, Robert Walpole
George I, Hamburg Dynasty, corruption, conspiracy, slavery, extravagance, manipulation, bribery
"Resistance to revolution" 1765-76, rescind, Declaratory Act 1766
Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the exchequer, Townshend Act or Duties 1767
custom officials, redcoats, despotic, despotism, tyrant, tyranny, regulars, Daughters of Liberty, non-importation movement, homespun
Revoke, Boston Massacre 1770, Samuel Adams, Committees of Correspondence
Tea Act 1773, East India Company, Lord Frederick North, Boston Tea Party 1773
Coercive or Intolerable Acts 1774, Boston Port Act, Administration of Justice Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Quartering Act
Quebec Act 1774, George Washington, "The cause of Boston is the cause of America,"
First Continental Congress 1774, Philadelphia, Declaration of Rights and Grievances
George III, Committees of Safety, extra-legal assemblies
Lord Dunmore Virginia 1775
Thomas Gage, Lexington, Concord, Bunker Hill, 1775, minutemen militias
Second Continental Congress 1775, John Hancock, Prohibitory Act 1775, Patrick Henry
Thomas Paine Common Sense 1776, pamphlet, didactic, corruption, conspiracy, slavery, republic, republicanism
Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Richard Henry Lee, Virginia delegation

* War for Independence:

Trenton and Princeton 1776-7, Saratoga 1777, Horatio Gates
Benjamin Franklin, Silas Dean, Arthur Lee
Loyalists, stories, Sir Henry Clinton, Southern Strategy, Savannah, Nathaniel Greene
Yorktown 1781, Charles Cornwallis, Marquis de LaFayette

* U.S. Constitution:

John Adams, Benjamin Rush
Articles of Confederation, league of sovereign states
James Madison, "Father of constitution," theoretical, republicanism, social distinctions, factions, articulate, majority rules, minority rights, debtor relief, instructions, checks and
balances, public virtue, legislature, degeneracy, extravagance, virtuous, thrift
Daniel Schayes, Schayes Rebellion 1786, foreclosures
Constitutional Convention 1787, delegates, New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan
representation, House of Representatives, U.S. Senate, Presidency, judicial, judiciary
Supreme Court, electoral college, Three-Fifths Clause
Federalist Papers, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, federalists
antifederalists, Letters of the Federal Farmer, Bill of Rights 1791, uniting luxury and liberty, mixed government, Montesquieu, social forces

* First Government Under Washington:

"Father of Country," legitimize, legitimacy
Judiciary Act 1789, district and appeals courts
Ordinance of 1787 or Northwest Ordinance, blueprint, statehood
Tariff 1789, United States Bank 1791, Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury
Whiskey Rebellion 1795, Scotch-Irish, western Pennsylvania, excise tax
Farewell Address 1797, Federalists or Hamiltonians, Anglopile, loose constructionists, industrialists
Republicans or Jeffersonian, agrarian, yeoman, strict constructionists
French Revolution, neutrality
John Adams, Alien, Sedition, and Naturalization Acts 1798, malicious
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798
Judiciary Act 1801

* Legacy American revolution:

slavery, gradual emancipation/abolitionism, Quoke Walder 1784 Massachusetts
enlightenment, Declaration of Independence, "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,"
inalienable rights, universal natural rights
Samuel Sewell 1702, Quakers
Compromises, Declaration of Independence, Ordinance of 1784, U.S. Constitution 1787
Three-Fifths Clause, "persons held to service," runaway slaves
Ordinance of 1787 or Northwest Ordinance, prohibition slavery
Thomas Jefferson/Benjamin Banneker, innate versus environment, Notes On the State of Virginia
Eli Whitney, cotton gin 1793, united racism and economics, "cotton gin basis," overseer, textiles, Great Britain
Fugitive Slave Act 1793, writ Habeas corpus, trial by jury
Slave revolts/rebellions, insurrection, Santa Domingo and Haiti 1790s
Richmond, Virginia 1800, Gabriel Prosser, Gabriel Slave Conspiracy, seize, betrayed
Freed blacks, soil exhaustion
legacy Founding Fathers/American Revolution, nationalism, patriotism, national identity/character, heroic
Mason Weems, The Life of Washington,1800, cherry tree antidote, virtue, folklore
Mercy Otis-Warren, John Marshall, George Bancroft, primary sources, unique
Literature, James Fenimore Cooper, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Public ceremonies/celebrations, commemorate, Independence Day, Washington's birthday, revaluate past
Emblems of allegiance, antiques, symbols, documents , collectables, portraits
Historical societies, Massachusetts Historical Society 1791
Portraits, John Trumbull, Gilbert Stuart
Public oratory, orations, Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, "the Character of Washington," Mt. Vernon Ladies Association, New York City Academy of Music

* The Young Republic:

John Marchall, Marbury versus Madison 1803, William Marbury, James Madison
judicial review, unconstitutional, Dartmouth College versus Woodward 1819
Louisiana Purchase 1803, Napoleon, Merewether Lewis, William Clark, Lewis and Clark 1805-7
Embargo Act 1807, Non-Intercourse Act 1809
Tecumseh, Shawnee, Five Nation Western Confederation, Ohio and Mississippi Valley
War Hawk faction 1811, Henry Clay, John Calhoun, nationalists, declaration of war
Hartford convention 1814, Federalists
Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams
Battle of New Orleans January 8, 1815, Andrew Jackson
"era of good feelings," nationalist, patriotic, Second U.S. Bank 1816, American System 1824, internal improvements, interdependence
Missouri Compromise 1819-1821, Henry Clay, the Great Compromiser, 36 degrees, 30 minutes, 36, 30 Maine, Article IV Section 2, privileges and immunities
Thomas Jefferson, "fire bell in the night"
James Monroe, Monroe Doctrine 1823, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, Latin America, King Ferdinand Spain
"corrupt bargain" election 1824, William Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson
July 4, 1826 "Jefferson still lives"

* Northern Industrialization:

Proto industrialization, putting-out system, cottage or home industries
supplemental income, producer to consumer, palm leaf hats, discretionary time
Fitzwilliam, New Hampshire
industrial revolution, centralization, Alexander Hamilton, power-driven factories, mechanizations, specialization of labor
Samuel Slater 1790, Pawtucket, Moses Brown
Francis Cabot Lowell, Merrimack River, solidarity, Panic of 1837
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations 1776, hidden hand
Inventiveness, business organization, patent, individualism, free labor ideology, laissez-faire, meritocracy
Journeyman, craftsman, apprentice, personalized, intimate
Cotton, textiles, middlemen, wholesalers, financiers, jobbers, shippers, insurance brokers, retailers, marketers
Communication, Samuel Morse 1836, telegraph, pony express, assassination, Alexander Graham Bell, telephone 1876
Energy, furnaces, locomotives, electricity, Thomas Edison, Andrew Carnegie
Transportation, gravel turnpikes, Erie Canal 1825, railroads, efficiency, reliability, predictability, profit, transcontinental
Fixed capital, operating capital
Dynamic, cosmopolitan, conservative, literate, professionals

* Southern Cotton and Slavery:

peculiar institution, positive good, necessary evil
social order, hierarchical, stratified, deference, yeoman, classless, oligarchy
slave revolts, insurrections, rebellions, Gabriel Prosser 1800 Richmond, Denmary Vesi
1822 Charleston, Nat Turner 1831 South Hampton
Time On the Cross, profitable
James Henry Hammond, "Cotton Is King" 1858, superiority, mud-sills
Slave quarters, sexual exploitation, autonomy
Stanley Elkins, Slavery 1959, institutional argument, sambo myth, docile, Nazi
concentration camps, psychological transition
Marvin Harris, Myth of the Friendly Master, Brazil, conscious
From Sundown To Sunup

* Women:

elevated status, midwives, spinning, weaving, shopkeepers
capitalism, industrial revolution, agricultural revolution
Jean Jacques Rousseau 1762, separate spheres, innate, intelligent, rational, nurturing, submissive, emotional
Mary Wollstonecraft, "A Vindication Of the Rights of Woman" 1792
Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes" 1779, self reliance
Benjamin Rush, cult of republican motherhood, education, public virtue, thrift,
patriotism, nationalism, morality, republicanism, middle-class ideology, sanctity, marriage, familiar sphere
Abigail Adams, "remember the ladies," suffrage, sexual mores
Benjamin Rush, cult of republican motherhood, education, public virtue, thrift,
patriotism, nationalism, morality, republicanism, middle-class ideology, sanctity
marriage, familiar sphere
Abigail Adams, "remember the ladies," suffrage, sexual mores
Midwives, professionalization medicine, license
Professionalization law, attorneys, Myra Bradwell versus Illinois 1873
Cult of domesticity/true womanhood, morality, piety, compassion, emotional
Desexualization, biological reproduction, womb
Prescriptive literature, reinforce, Catherine Beecher
Professionalization teaching, female seminaries, normal schools, discipline, nurturing
Professionalizaiton nursing, Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton, U.S. Sanitary Commission, regiments
Mary Walker, contract surgeon, Freedmen's Bureau, Congressional Metal of Honor 1865, children's orphanage
Elizabeth Blackwee, 1849, American Medical Association 1847
Myth of Southern lady, George Fitzhugh, propaganda, domestic administration, miscegenation
Reform, church charities, charitable, Second Great Awakening, feminization religion, democratization religion
Temperance, prostitution, diet, prison, asylum, education, abolitionism
Sarah Grimke, "On the Equality of the Sexes" 1837, Angelina Grimke
Lucrecia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1840 London
1848 Seneca Falls, New York, women's rights convention, suffrage, Declaration of Sentiments, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony

*Antebellum Reform:

democratizing spirit, abolitionism, temperance, education, suffrage, prison, insane asylum, orphanages
Second Great Awakening, utilitarian, Charles G. Finney, perfectionism
Transcendentalists, Ralph Waldo Emerson, David Henry Thoreau Quakers
American Colonization Society 1816, Henry Clay, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, republic of Liberia, gradual emancipation, compensation
William Lloyd Garrison, New England Anti-Slavery Society 1831, The Liberator,
immediate uncompensated emancipation, moral suasion, conscience, U.S.
Constitution "an agreement with hell and a covenant with death" 1854, "an infamous bargain"
American Anti-Slavery Society 1833, Lewis and Arthur Tappan
Frederick Douglass, autobiography 1845, The North Star Rochester
James Madison Notes On the Constitutional Convention 1830s-40s
Strategic transformation, Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution
synthesis freedom, manifesto, sacred decree
Harriet Tubbman
Anti-abolitionism, Elijah P. Lovejoy 1837 Alton, Illinois
Prudence Crandall, Canterbury, Connecticut 1833-4
Pennsylvania Hall 1839
Theodore Dwight Weld, Slavery As It Is, South Carolina Medical School

*Jacksonian America:

Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, "Old Hickory," Democrats, strict constructionists, humanitarians, nationalists
Great Triumvirate, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John Calhoun
Panic of 1819, Tariff of 1828, "tariff of abomination"
South Carolina Exposition and Protest 1828, John Calhoun, state interposition or veto, concurrent majority
Denmark Vesi slave conspiracy, Charleston 1822
1830 Webster/Hayne debates, Daniel Webster, "defender or guardian of constitution," Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and
inseparable," Robert Y. Hayne, Kentucky and Virginia Resolution 1798, states' rights versus national authority
Tariff of 1832, American System, Henry Clay Robert Barnwell Rhett, secession, secede
Nullification convention, Columbia, South Carolina Nullification Ordinance November 24, 1832, nullifiers
Force Acts, Compromise of 1833 March 11
Nat Turner, Southampton, Virginia 1831, William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator 1831, abolitionists, petitions, District of Columbia, gag rules or orders 1836-44
Second United States Bank, Nicholas Biddle, "monster bank," corrupt, monopolies,
Presidential veto, override, "pet banks," Panic of 1837
Indian Removal Act 1830, five civilized tribes, Cherokee, assimilate, acculturate, rehabilitate
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of War
Cherokee Nation versus State of Georgia 1831, Chief Justice John Marshall, "judge Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it"
"Trail of Tears" 1838, Oklahoma Territory
Martin Van Duren 1836, William Henry Harrison 1840, John Tyler, "Tipper Canoe and Tyler too"

*Slavery In the West:

*Roade to Civil War:

politics of containment, Republicans, Abraham Lincoln
politics avoidance, Democrats, Stephen Douglas
politics legitimacy, southern nationalism, slave power conspiracy
Fugitive Slave Act 1850, Prigg versus Pensylvania 1842, habeas corpus, statute of limitations
William and Ellen Craft 1850 milato, Chadrach 1851, Thomas Sims 1851, Anthony Burns 1854
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin 1851-2, The National  Era, Simon Legree,
Uncle Robin In His Cabin In Virginia and Uncle Tom without One In Boston, perception versus reality
Kansas/Nebraska Act may 30, 1854, Stephen Douglas, Franklin Pierce, David Atchison,
F Street Mess, "I could have traveled from Boston to Chicageo on the light of my own lethargy"
Bleeding Kansas, "passed in violence, maintained in violence, executed in violence,"
border ruffians, Andrew Reeder, New England Immigrand Aid Society, Amos Lawrence,
Lecompton, Topeka, Sack of Lawrence 1856, John Brown, Charles Sumner, "Crimes Against Kansas," Adre Butler, Preston Brooks, censured
American Party 1856, "Know-Nothings," nativist, anti-immigration, Millard Fillmore
Republican Party 1856, John Fremont, containment
Democratic Party 1856, James Buchanan, popular sovereignty, New Jersey, Pensylvania, Indiana, Illinois, California
Robert Walker, Cincinnati residency directory, Lecompton Contitution 1857-8
Dred Scott case March 6, 1857, John Emerson, politicized, Roger Taney, uncontitutional, Robert Grier
Lincoln/Douglas debates August 21-October 15, 1958, "House Divided" speech June 16, 1858,
"A house divided against itsefl cannot stand. I believe that this Government cannot be sustained permanently half free and
half slave. It will be one thing or the other." "For upon volume upon volume is written to prove slavery a good thing, you
never hear of the man who wishes to take the good of it by being a slave himself," Hypocrite, visionary, utopian, blueprint,
despotism, Freeport Doctrine, "unfriendly legislation" William Seward, "Irrepressible Conflict" 1858
John Brown insurrection 1859, Harper's Ferry, Virginia, federal arsenal, Robert E. Lee, martyr
Hinton R. Helper, The Impending Crisis of the South 1857-60
George Fitzhugh, "Propagandist for the South," Sociology for the South 1854, Cannibals All 1857
Robert Barnwell Rhett, Charleston Mercury, William L. Yancey, "Orator for secession,"
Fire-eaters, Alabama Platform 1859-60, national slave code
Democratic convention 1860, Charleston, Baltimore, Richmond, Stephen Douglas, John Breckenridge
Republican convention 1860, Chicago, Abraham Lincoln, conch's decision, unitedConstitutional Union Party 1860, John Bell
Charleston Mercury, "The tea has been thrown overboard; the revolution of 1860 has begun"
Secede, secession, secessionist
Unionists, James Pettigrew, "South Carolina is too small to be a republic, but too large to be an insane asylun,"
Alexander Stephens, Georgia Triumvirate, "Revolutions much easier started than controlled, and the men who begin them for the best purposes
objectives, seldom end them"
Crisis of fer, counter-revolution, preservation, crisis republicanism, calculated, right of revolution
John J. Crittenden, Crittenden Compromise January 1861, Washinton Peace Conference 1861, John Tyler
Confederate States of America, Confederacy, Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis, Alexander Stephens,
"States acting in sovereign and independent character," South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas
Inaugural Address March 4, 1861, conciliatory, federal facilities, secession unconstitutional/immoral
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861, Charleston Harbor, Major Robert Anderson, Francis Pickens, Robert Tombs, Pierre Beauregard,
Edmund Ruffin, Gustaves Fox "insurrection," Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Tredegar Iron Works neutral,
neutrality, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, "I hope God is on our side, but I must have Kentucky"

*Civil War:

Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks, 6th Massachusetts April 19, 1861
Martial law, suspension writ habeas corpus, Fort McHenry, John Merriman, Roger Taney War Powers Act
Musket, artillery, infantry, Calvary, casualty, Springfield's, Enfields, Spencer Carbines, regiments, state militias, citizen armies
Winfield Scott, General In Chief, Gideon Wells, naval blockade, anaconda plan, Simon Cameron, Edmond Stanton
Offensive/defensive strategy
Battle of Manassas, Manassas Junction, Bull Run July 21, 1861, Irving McDowell, Pierre Beauregard,
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, Stonewall Brigade Eastern theater, George McClellan, "Little Napoleon,"
Army of the Potomac, discipline, organization, "Quaker guns," "all quiet along the Potomac," "well meaninged baboon,"
Order #1 January 1, 1862/February 22, 1862
Western theater, Ulysses S. Grant, "uncle Sam" Grant, "unconditional surrender" Grant, Fort Henry and Fort Donelson February 1862,
Simon Buckner, Shiloh April 6-7 1862, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers, limited warfare to total warfare, "I cannot spare this man, he fights,"
New Orleans, David Farragut April 1862, Benjamin Butler, "Butler the Beast," Memphis, Nasville, Island #10, Mississippi River
Army of Northern Virginia, Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Joseph Johnston, Shenandoah Valley, Nathaniel Banks, "Commissary Banks,"
Crittenden/Johnson Resolution July 1861, contra ban, Benjamin Burler, Confiscation Act August 7, 1861
John Fremont, "Ihope God is on our side, but I must have Kentucky"
Confiscation Acts 1862, gradual compensated emancipation
David Hunter, Department of the South, Sea Islands
Colonization, Panama, Honduras, Haiti, "wet rag," Horace Greeley, "The Prayer of 20 million" August 22, 1862
John Pope, Second Battle of Manassas August 1862
Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862, Antietam Creek, Preliminary Amancipation Proclamation September 22, 1862
Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863, military necessity,
"I have issued the Emancipation Proclamation and I will not rescind it," Democrats,
"The Constitution as it is, the Union as it was," Clement Vallandigham, Conscription Act March 1863
Ambrose Burnside, Fredericksburg December 1862
Joseph Hooker, "God have mercy on Robert E. Lee becasue I will have none," Chancellors Ville May 1863
Vicksburg and Gettysburg July 1863, Port Hudson, George Meade
Fort Wagner July 1863, 54th Massachusetts, Robert Shaw, Atlantic Monthly, New York Tribune,
Gettysburg Address Novermber 19, 1863, Edward Everret
Lieutenant General, "Iam prepared to fight it out on this line even if it takes all summer," Grant the butcher
William T. Sherman, "Atlanta is ours" September 1, 1864, march to the sea, Savannah
Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865, John Wilkes Booth April 14, 1865
13th Amendment December 1865

* Reconstruction and the South:

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